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Holding a granted Letters Patent from IPO-Pakistan is the pinnacle of intellectual property ownership. It grants you a 20-year absolute monopoly over your invention. However, a patent is not a self-enforcing shield. If a massive factory in Faisalabad...
By Syed Asad Hussain Zaidi · 7 September 2026
Patent Infringement Remedies Under Pakistani Law Author Note / Last Updated: Updated September 2026 by Syed Asad Hussain Zaidi | Advocate High Court | Professional Tax Consultant Holding a granted Letters Patent from IPO-Pakistan is the pinnacle of intellectual property ownership. It grants you a 20-year absolute monopoly over your invention. However, a patent is not a self-enforcing shield. If a massive factory in Faisalabad begins reverse-engineering your patented textile loom and mass-producing it without paying you royalties, IPO-Pakistan will not send the police to stop them. It is entirely the responsibility of the patent holder to police the market and enforce their rights through civil litigation. Under the Patents Ordinance, 2000, the law provides powerful tools to crush patent infringement. This guide outlines the legal remedies available to inventors and corporations in Pakistan when their patented technology is stolen. --- What Constitutes Patent Infringement? Patent infringement occurs when an unauthorized person or company violates the exclusive rights granted to the patentee. Depending on the type of patent, infringement includes: For Product Patents: Making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing the patented physical product in Pakistan. For Process Patents: Using the patented manufacturing process, or selling/importing a product obtained directly from that patented process. The Doctrine of Equivalents Infringers rarely copy a patent 100% exactly; they usually make a minor, irrelevant tweak to the design and claim it is a "new" invention. Pakistani courts recognize the "Doctrine of Equivalents." If the infringing product performs substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve the same result as your patented invention, it is still legally considered infringement, even if it looks slightly different. --- The Enforcement Arsenal: Civil Remedies Patent infringement lawsuits are exclusively handled by the specialized Intellectual Property (IP) Tribunals in Pakistan. When you file a suit for infringement, your IP litigator will seek a combination of the following remedies: A. The Temporary Injunction (Stay Order) This is the most critical stage of patent litigation. Because a full civil trial in Pakistan can take years, your lawyer will file an application for a temporary injunction on the very first day. If you can prove to the judge that you hold a valid patent and the defendant is clearly manufacturing a ripoff, the judge will issue an immediate stay order, forcing the factory to halt all production and sales of the infringing product until the trial concludes. B. Anton Piller Order (Search & Seizure) If you fear the infringer will hide the counterfeit products or destroy their manufacturing blueprints once they receive notice of the lawsuit, you can request an ex-parte Anton Piller order. The court appoints a Local Commissioner (usually a lawyer) who, accompanied by local police, raids the infringer's premises without warning to seize the infringing goods and preserve evidence. C. Final Damages or Account of Profits If you win the trial, the court will issue a permanent injunction (banning the infringer forever) and award you financial compensation. You must choose one of two financial remedies: Damages: The court forces the infringer to pay you the money you lost because of their illegal sales (e.g., compensating you for a drop in your market share). Account of Profits: The court forces the infringer to open their financial books and hand over all the profit they made while selling the stolen technology. D. Delivery Up / Destruction The court will order that all existing stock of the infringing product, as well as the specialized molds or machinery used to create them, be delivered to you or destroyed under court supervision so they can never re-enter the market. --- The Infringer's Counter-Attack: The Revocation Suit You must be prepared for extreme retaliation. When you sue a major corporation for patent infringement, their standard legal defense is not usually "we didn't copy it." Their defense is almost always: "The patent is invalid and should never have been granted." They will file a Counter-Claim for Revocation in the IP Tribunal. They will hire their own patent attorneys to scour global databases to find an obscure Japanese or American research paper published 15 years ago that describes your invention. They will present this to the judge to prove your invention lacked "novelty" and ask the judge to revoke your patent entirely. This is why the initial drafting of your patent claims by a registered Patent Agent is so critical. A poorly drafted patent will not survive a revocation counter-claim during litigation. Groundless Threats of Infringement Proceedings Be very careful when sending Cease & Desist (C&D) letters regarding patents. Under Section 64 of the Patents Ordinance, if you threaten someone with a patent infringement lawsuit, and you do not actually hold a valid patent (or they are clearly not infringing), they can sue you for issuing "groundless threats." They can obtain an injunction against you and force you to pay damages for hurting their business reputation. Always have an IP litigator draft your C&D notices. Conclusion Patent litigation is the "heavyweight division" of the legal system, involving complex intersections of law, engineering, and economics. While the costs of enforcing a patent in Pakistan's IP Tribunals are high, the ability to obtain search and seizure orders and secure massive financial damages makes the 20-year monopoly highly lucrative for aggressive rightsholders. --- Disclaimer: Patent litigation is highly complex. This guide provides a summary of civil remedies under the Patents Ordinance, 2000, as of 2026. Always retain a specialized IP litigator.